A chawan is a type of tea bowl used in the Japanese tea ceremony. It is typically made of ceramic or pottery and has a round shape with a wide rim and a deep bowl. The chawan is designed to be held in the hand and is used to prepare and serve tea in the ceremony. The aesthetics of a chawan are also important and they often feature intricate designs and patterns.
Exploring the History and Beauty of a Chawan Tea Bowl
There are numerous types of tea bowls available, each with its own distinct style and qualities. Among the most prevalent varieties are:
Plain and unadorned white porcelain bowls: These are frequently made of porcelain and are perfect for everyday usage.
Hand-painted bowls: These have beautiful motifs and patterns that are often painted by hand by trained artisans.
Traditional Japanese bowls: Constructed in Japan, these bowls are usually made of porcelain or pottery and include traditional Japanese motifs and patterns.
Contemporary bowls are contemporary designs that are often constructed of glass, metal, or other materials and incorporate current patterns and shapes.
Chinese tea bowls: These are from China and include classic Chinese patterns and decorations.
Yixing tea bowls: Made of Yixing clay, these bowls are noted for their porous nature, which allows tea to be infused with the mineral compounds of the clay.
How Does A Japanese Tea Set Differ From Other Tea Sets?
A Japanese tea set is a collection of tools used in the Japanese tea ceremony, also known as chanoyu, a traditional Japanese cultural activity that entails the ceremonial preparation and presentation of matcha, powdered green tea.
In various respects, Japanese tea sets differ from other tea sets. To begin with, Japanese tea sets are specifically intended for preparing and serving matcha, which is a finely ground powder created from green tea leaves. Matcha tea is made differently from other varieties of tea, and Japanese tea sets include instruments intended expressly for this purpose, such as a chasen (tea whisk) and chashaku (tea spoon) (tea scoop).
Furthermore, traditional Japanese designs and patterns, such as cherry blossoms, bamboo, and geometric shapes, are frequently used in Japanese tea sets. With a focus on simplicity, minimalism, and elegance, they are frequently created of clay or pottery. They are not only utilitarian, but also considered works of art.
Other tea sets, on the other hand, may be more extravagant, with ornamental components and intricate designs, and constructed of various materials such as glass or metal. They are frequently not tailored for a specific variety of tea and are used for general tea serving.
What Are The Different Materials That Are Used To Make Tea Bowls?
Tea bowls are made from a range of materials, each having their own distinct characteristics and properties. Among the most frequent materials are:
Porcelain is a form of porcelain that is fired at a high temperature, resulting in a material that is exceptionally hard and durable. It is frequently used to create basic, white tea bowls suitable for everyday usage.
Bone china is a form of porcelain that incorporates bone ash, giving it a translucent quality as well as a delicate, refined appearance.
Ceramic: A type of pottery composed of clay and fired at a high temperature. It is frequently used to produce traditional Japanese tea bowls, both glazed and unglazed.
Pottery is a type of ceramic that is unglazed, giving it a more earthy, natural appearance. It is frequently utilized in the production of traditional Japanese tea bowls.
Glass: Glass bowls are frequently used to create contemporary tea bowls since they can be hand-blown and have a more modern appearance.
Yixing clay is a type of clay found in China’s Yixing region. It is well-known for its porous nature and is frequently utilized in the production of Yixing tea bowls.
Metal tea bowls are uncommon but can be utilized; they are frequently employed in contemporary and minimalist designs and can be made of stainless steel, silver, or gold.
What Are The Different Techniques That Are Used To Create Tea Bowls?
Tea bowls are made using a variety of processes, each with their own distinct characteristics and properties. Among the most prevalent techniques are:
Firing is the process of hardening and strengthening ceramic or pottery by heating it to a high temperature in a kiln. Different clays and glazes require different firing temperatures and timeframes.
Throwing: The process of sculpting clay on a potter’s wheel is known as throwing. By manipulating the clay on the wheel, a talented potter may produce a vast range of shapes and forms.
Hand-building is the process of molding clay by hand rather of using a potter’s wheel. This approach enables more intricate and detailed patterns and designs.
Slip-casting is the process of pouring liquid clay (slip) into a plaster mold and allowing it to cure. The clay is removed from the mold once it has set and is ready for sculpting or finishing.
Glazing is the application of a glass covering to a ceramic or pottery surface. Glaze can be placed to the tea bowl’s surface to protect it from liquids and stains while also improving its aesthetic attractiveness.
Painting is the process of transferring designs, patterns, and colors on the surface of a tea bowl. This could be done by hand, using an airbrush, or with stencils.
What Are The Different Styles Of Tea Bowls That Are Available?
Tea bowls come in a variety of styles, each with its own distinct aesthetic attributes. Among the most frequent styles are:
Simple and elegant: These tea bowls are distinguished by their minimalistic design, clear lines, and frequently white or light-colored glazes. They are ideal for everyday usage and work well with a wide range of teas.
Tea bowls with traditional Japanese motifs and patterns, such as cherry blossoms, bamboo, and geometric shapes, are frequently constructed of porcelain or pottery. They are frequently unglazed and have a rustic, earthy appearance.
Modern: These tea bowls are frequently constructed of glass, metal, or porcelain. They have a more contemporary appearance, with clean lines, minimalist design, and geometric shapes. They are frequently employed in modern tea ceremonies or for a more contemporary approach to tea delivery.
Yixing clay: Yixing clay is recognized for its porous quality, and it was used to make these tea bowls. They are frequently unglazed and appreciated for their ability to absorb tea smells and scents. They are considered a luxury tea bowl and are frequently used in Chinese tea ceremonies.
Ornate and lavish: These tea bowls are distinguished by their elaborate designs, patterns, and hues, which frequently include gold and silver elements and other ornaments. They are frequently utilized for ceremonial and special occasions and are regarded works of art.
Rustic: These tea bowls are distinguished by their rugged and earthy appearance, which frequently includes natural textures and an unglazed finish. They are frequently used in traditional tea ceremonies and are thought to create a connection to nature and the soil.
How To Use A Tea Bowl The Correct Way
Pouring tea: It is vital to pour tea into a tea bowl in a steady stream rather than in a steady stream. This will help to avoid spilling and splashing, as well as keeping the tea at the proper temperature.
Holding the tea bowl: It is vital to use both hands when holding a tea bowl, with the right hand holding the bowl and the left hand supporting the bottom. This will keep the bowl from tipping over and will also maintain the tea at the proper temperature.
Drinking tea from a tea bowl: It is necessary to sip tea from the side of the bowl rather than the front. This will assist to prevent spills and splashes while also preserving the scent and flavor of the tea.
Temperature: Check the temperature of the tea before drinking it. Although certain teas can be sipped hot or cold, others taste better at specific temperatures.
Cleaning: After using the tea bowl, always clean it with warm water and a gentle cloth. Avoid using soap or detergent since they can leave a residue in the tea that can impair the taste.
Appreciation: It is crucial to enjoy not just the taste of the tea, but also the beauty and craftsmanship of the tea bowl itself when using it. Using a tea bowl allows you to slow down and appreciate the present moment as well as the beauty of nature.
Good Tea Etiquette: It is critical to follow proper tea etiquette when using a tea bowl. Respect for the host, the tea, and the tea equipment, as well as good manners and demeanor, are all part of this.
What Makes A Matcha Tea Bowl Unique And Suitable For Tea Drinking?
A Matcha tea bowl, also known as a chawan, is created specifically for preparing and serving Matcha tea, a traditional Japanese green tea. There are various aspects that distinguish a Matcha tea bowl and make it suited for tea consumption.
Matcha tea bowls are often larger and shallower than other varieties of tea bowls, allowing for simple tea whisking. This is due to the fact that Matcha is whisked before consumption; the wide and shallow form allows the tea to be whisked smoothly.
Matcha tea bowls are typically made of ceramic or pottery, which helps to retain heat and keep the tea at the proper temperature. This is particularly crucial for Matcha, which is generally served at a higher temperature than other teas.
Matcha tea bowls are typically a muted green tint that is designed to mimic the color of Matcha tea. They are also frequently adorned with traditional Japanese motifs like cherry blossoms or bamboo.
Matcha tea bowls are often smaller than other types of tea bowls due to the fact that Matcha is typically eaten in lower amounts than other teas.
Functionality: Matcha tea bowls are designed to be used with a chasen, a bamboo whisk, to froth and combine the matcha powder with hot water before consumption.
Aesthetics: Matcha tea bowls are frequently regarded as works of art, valued for their beauty and craftsmanship. The bowl’s visual appeal is vital to the tea ceremony and the entire tea drinking experience.
Overall, a Matcha tea bowl is intended to complement the traditional Japanese tea ritual and to provide a beautiful, functional, and delightful experience while drinking Matcha tea.
Why Do Bright Green Matcha Powder And Matcha Chawan Go Together?
Because of their complimentary aesthetic and functional properties, bright green matcha powder and a Matcha chawan (tea bowl) go together.
Aesthetics: The vivid green color of matcha powder is designed to represent the tea’s color, while the traditional Japanese style of a Matcha chawan is frequently a muted green color. This produces a beautiful aesthetic contrast and balance, and the green color of the matcha powder and the bowl can be thought of as a reflection of nature.
Functionality: A Matcha chawan’s wide and shallow shape is specifically designed to enable for simple whisking of matcha powder, which is a key step in creating Matcha tea. The shape and size of the bowl are also appropriate for the traditional Japanese tea ritual, and it is also used to enjoy the aesthetic of the bowl and the tea itself.
Matcha is a traditional Japanese tea with an extensive history and cultural importance. The usage of a Matcha chawan is an important part of the tea ceremony, since it is regarded as a means to appreciate and honor the tea, the host, and traditional Japanese culture.
Taste: The color of the matcha powder might reflect its quality; a vivid green tint indicates a high-grade matcha. Using a Matcha chawan can also increase the taste of the tea since the material and form of the bowl help to preserve the temperature of the tea, which improves the flavor.
Overall, brilliant green matcha powder and a Matcha chawan compliment each other both visually and functionally, and are an integral part of the traditional Japanese tea ceremony.
What Is The Significance Of Using A Wooden Bowl To Drink Matcha In Japanese Style?
Drinking matcha in a wooden bowl, also known as a hibashi or kyusu, has both functional and cultural importance.
Wooden bowls have natural insulating capabilities that aid in maintaining the temperature of the tea. This is especially crucial for matcha, which is generally served hotter than other teas. Furthermore, wooden bowls can serve to enhance the flavor of the tea by absorbing the aroma of the tea over time.
Aesthetics: Handcrafted wooden bowls with unique natural patterns and textures are popular. This contributes to the overall attractiveness of the tea ceremony and tea drinking experience.
The use of a wooden bowl is a traditional part of the Japanese tea ceremony, and it is considered as a means to appreciate and respect the tea, the host, and traditional Japanese culture. Wooden bowls are also regarded as a symbol of simplicity, humility, and a connection to nature, all of which are important aspects of the tea ceremony.
Wooden bowls are noted for their durability and ability to resist repeated use.
Wooden bowls have a long history in Japan and have been used in the tea ritual for generations. Prior to the development of ceramics and porcelain, they were frequently utilized.
Overall, drinking matcha in a Japanese-style wooden bowl is a traditional and functional part of the tea ceremony that contributes to the visual and cultural value of the experience. It is also a method to enjoy nature and traditional aspects of Japanese culture.
Who Were Some Of The Earliest Japanese Monks To Use Chawan Bowls For Tea Ceremonies?
Among the first Japanese monks to utilize chawan bowls for tea ceremonies were:
Eisai, a monk who is credited with bringing tea from China to Japan in the 12th century. He is credited with bringing back tea seeds and expertise of tea cultivation and processing, and is widely regarded as the founder of the Rinzai school of Zen Buddhism.
Dogen was a monk who helped establish the Soto school of Zen Buddhism. In his book “Fukanzazengi,” he wrote extensively about Zen and tea practice, and he is regarded as one of the most influential figures in the establishment of the Japanese tea ritual.
Murata Shuko, a Dogen student and monk. He is regarded as the creator of the “wabi-cha” tea ceremony style, which emphasized simplicity and appreciation for natural beauty.
Sen no Rikyu, a tea master and Murata Shuko’s disciple. He is regarded as the greatest tea teacher in Japanese history, and is credited with transforming the “wabi-cha” method into the organized tea ceremony observed today.
Takeno J, a monk and tea teacher who lived at the same time as Sen no Rikyu. He was Riky’s disciple, and he is credited with creating the “usucha” (thin tea) tea ceremony style and popularizing the use of chawan bowls in tea ceremonies.
These monks were essential in popularizing the tea ceremony and the usage of chawan bowls in Japan, and their teachings and practices are still studied and venerated today.
What Are The Defining Characteristics Of Tenmoku Chawan That Make It Distinct From Other Types Of Chawan Bowls?
Tenmoku Chawan is a type of tea bowl distinguished by its distinctive glaze and appearance. Tenmoku Chawan is distinguished by the following characteristics:
Tenmoku Chawan’s glaze is the most distinguishing aspect, with a dark, glossy, almost black tone and a hint of metallic sheen. The glaze is composed of iron oxide and other minerals, which gives it its distinct color and texture.
Tenmoku Chawan is traditionally created in a simple round shape with a flaring rim and a shallow bowl.
Tenmoku Chawan is typically fashioned of Tenmoku clay, which is found in China, Japan, and Korea and is recognized for its durability and ability to withstand a high glaze.
Firing: The glaze is normally placed to the chawan before firing, and it is then fired in a reducing atmosphere, where the oxygen is removed, allowing the glaze to be absorbed into the chawan and giving it its distinctive color.
Tenmoku Chawan was invented in China during the Song Dynasty and transferred to Japan during the Kamakura era.
Tenmoku chawan is noted for its simplicity and natural beauty, and it is frequently employed in more traditional tea rituals.
Tenmoku Chawan is a classic chawan that is highly valued by tea drinkers due to its unusual glaze, form, and history. It is highly prized for its aesthetic and functional features and is a rare and distinctive chawan because to its unique glaze and firing technique.
In What Ways Has The Design Of Chawan Evolved Over Time, According To Art History Records?
According to art history records, the design of chawan, or tea bowls, has changed in a variety of ways over time. The following are some of the significant ways in which chawan design has evolved:
Regional styles: Based on the materials and techniques accessible in each region, many regions in Japan have developed their own individual types of chawan. Chawan from the Seto region, for example, is noted for its delicate and exquisite shapes, whereas chawan from the Shigaraki region is known for its rustic and earthy features.
Historical periods: Chawan design has developed over time in response to different historical periods’ shifting tastes and trends. Chawan from the Heian period (794-1185) were normally simple and graceful, whereas chawan from the Muromachi period (1336-1573) were frequently more intricate and decorative.
Tea ceremony styles: The design of chawan has also been affected by many tea ceremony traditions. Chawan used in the formal “chado” tea ceremony, for example, are more ornamental and ceremonial, whereas chawan used in the more rustic “wabi-cha” style are more basic and unadorned.
Chawan designs have also been influenced by the various artists and craftsmen who created them. Some chawan artists and craftsmen are well-known for their distinctive designs, and their works are in high demand among collectors.
Materials and Processes: Chawan’s materials and techniques have evolved over time. Chawan made of porcelain, for example, became popular during the Edo period, but chawan made of ceramics became popular during the Meiji period.
Chawan design has changed over time in response to many cultural, historical, and artistic influences. Regional styles, historical periods, tea ceremony traditions, artists and craftspeople, and materials and techniques employed have all contributed to the rich and diverse history of chawan design.
How Have Contemporary Artisans Sought To Introduce New Elements Into Traditional Matcha Chawans Designs?
In a variety of techniques, contemporary artisans have attempted to incorporate new features into classic Matcha Chawan designs:
New Materials: Today’s craftspeople are experimenting with various materials to develop unique and innovative designs. Some craftspeople, for example, are experimenting with different clays, glazes, and pigments to create novel textures and colors.
Bringing Traditions Together: Some contemporary craftspeople include features from different cultures into their works. Incorporating aspects from other tea-drinking cultures, such as Chinese or Korean tea ceremony traditions, or elements from other art forms, such as painting or sculpture, can be examples of this.
Useful Design: Some contemporary artisans are also experimenting with more functional chawan forms and shapes. Some artists, for example, are creating chawan with lids to keep the tea warm for extended periods of time, or with built-in strainers to make matcha preparation easier.
Contemporary craftspeople are also experimenting with more creative designs that may or may not be directly tied to the traditional tea ceremony. These designs may be more abstract, or they may contain modern components like as LED lights or digital elements that allow the chawan to change color.
Sustainable Design: Some contemporary craftspeople are experimenting with more environmentally friendly designs. Some craftsmen, for example, use recycled or easily recyclable materials, or materials that are simple to clean and preserve.
Overall, contemporary artisans are introducing new elements into traditional Matcha Chawan designs by experimenting with different materials, combining traditional elements with modern design, functional design, conceptual design, and sustainable design, and combining traditional elements with functional design, conceptual design, and sustainable design. They are doing this to preserve the tradition and make it relevant to the current world, while also preserving the artistic and cultural relevance of chawan.
What Kind Of Aesthetic Considerations Should Be Taken Into Account When Selecting A Chawan For Use In An Everyday Setting As Opposed To Ceremonial Occasions?
When choosing a chawan for regular usage, different aesthetic factors should be considered than when choosing a chawan for ceremonial occasions.
- Practicality: It is critical to assess the chawan’s practicality for everyday use. It should be simple to clean, transport, and store. It’s also vital to analyze the chawan’s size and whether it fits comfortably in your hands.
- Durability: The chawan should be fashioned of materials that are strong enough to endure repeated use. For everyday use, porcelain, stoneware, and ceramic are excellent choices.
- Style and Design: The chawan should complement the overall style of your home as well as your particular preferences. It could be simple and minimalistic, or more decorative and vibrant.
- Price: The cost of everyday chawans can range from low to high. It’s critical to think about your budget and choose a chawan that fits within it.
When choosing a chawan for a ceremonial occasion, the aesthetic considerations should be more focused on the chawan’s cultural and traditional components.
- Traditional characteristics of Japanese tea ceremony, such as the use of natural materials, a basic design, and a focus on craftsmanship, should be reflected in the chawan.
- Seasonal: The chawan should be able to represent the time of year as well as the tone of the ceremony.
- Symbolism: The chawan should have a symbolic meaning, such as depicting one of the four seasons or a Zen notion.
- Quality: The chawan should be of the greatest quality, created by a competent artisan, and strong enough to endure frequent use in a ceremonial context.
Overall, when choosing a chawan for daily usage, practicality, durability, style, and pricing should all be taken into account. When choosing a chawan for a ceremonial occasion, consider tradition, seasonality, significance, and quality.
Are There Any Practical Differences Between Chinese-Style Ceramic Bowls And Classic Japanese Earthenware Bowls Used For Making Matcha Tea Drinks?
Matcha tea drinks are made in both Chinese-style ceramic bowls and classic Japanese earthenware bowls, but there are notable variations between the two.
Porcelain is a form of ceramic that is fired at a high temperature and is recognized for its translucence and delicate appearance. On the other hand, Japanese earthenware bowls are often constructed of clay that has been fired at a lower temperature. As a result, the bowl is thicker, more rustic, and earthy in appearance.
Design: Chinese pottery bowls are frequently extravagant and artistic, with detailed motifs and patterns. On the other hand, Japanese earthenware bowls have simpler, more subtle shapes that highlight the natural beauty of the clay and glaze.
Temperature: Chinese ceramic bowls are often better at preserving tea temperature, porcelain is a good insulator, however Japanese earthenware bowls are not as effective at retaining temperature and can become cold rapidly.
Tradition: Chinese ceramic bowls have long been used in Chinese tea ceremonies, while Japanese earthenware bowls have long been used in Japanese tea ceremonies.
Chinese pottery bowls are often larger and flatter in shape, but Japanese earthenware bowls are taller and more cylindrical.
Overall, both Chinese ceramic bowls and Japanese earthenware bowls have distinct qualities that lend themselves to the preparation of matcha tea drinks. The decision between the two is frequently determined by personal preference as well as the circumstances in which the tea will be served.
Conclusion And Summary
Because of their unique design, craftsmanship, and cultural significance, chawan tea bowls, also known as Japanese tea bowls, are a popular choice for tea enthusiasts all over the world. They are typically employed as a symbol of simplicity and elegance in the Japanese tea ritual.
Chawan tea bowls are distinguished by its substance, which is frequently constructed of natural clay and fired at a lower temperature than porcelain, resulting in a thicker, more rustic, and earthy appearance.
Another distinguishing feature is its design, which is frequently basic and understated and emphasizes the natural beauty of the clay and glaze. They are frequently created by artists, making each bowl one-of-a-kind.
The usage of hardwood matcha bowls is another distinctive feature of chawan tea bowls, as it improves the flavor, scent, and overall experience of drinking matcha. The use of wood contributes to the sense of warmth and rusticity associated with traditional Japanese tea ceremonies.
Chawan tea bowls are not only useful utensils, but also works of beauty that enhance the tea drinking experience. Chawan tea bowls are a popular choice for tea enthusiasts all around the world due to their combination of heritage, workmanship, and simplicity.
A tea bowl, also known as a chawan, is a type of bowl used in traditional Japanese tea ceremonies. There are many different types of tea bowls, each with its own unique characteristics and qualities. Some of the main categories or popular areas in tea bowl design include:
- Raku bowls: These are handmade ceramic bowls that are traditionally used in the Japanese tea ceremony. They are known for their irregular shapes and patterns, which are created by the firing process.
- Hakuji: This is a type of porcelain that is highly valued in Japan for its pure white color and translucent quality. Hakuji tea bowls are often used in formal tea ceremonies.
- Mino Ware: This is a type of pottery that originated in the Mino region of Japan. Mino Ware tea bowls are known for their simple, rustic designs and earthy colors.
- Karatsu ware: This is a type of pottery that originated in the Karatsu region of Japan. Karatsu Ware tea bowls are known for their rough textures and irregular shapes.
- Senchawan: These are small tea bowls that are used for drinking sencha, a type of Japanese green tea. They are typically wider and shallower than other types of tea bowls.
- Hagi: This is a type of pottery that originated in the Hagi region of Japan. Hagi tea bowls are known for their simple, elegant designs and soft colors.
- Gaiwan: This is a type of Chinese teapot that is used to brew tea. It is typically made of porcelain and has a lid and a saucer.
- Matcha Whisks: These are used to mix powdered matcha tea with hot water. They are typically made of bamboo and have a distinctive hatazori-gata (bent) shape.
- Furuta Oribe: This is a type of tea bowl that was designed by the Japanese tea master Furuta Oribe. It is known for its asymmetrical shape and bold, colorful designs.
- Tianmu Mountain: This is a type of ceramic that originated in the Tianmu Mountains of China. Tianmu Mountain tea bowls are known for their distinctive blue-green glaze.
- Straw hat: This is a type of tea bowl that has a flat, wide rim that is reminiscent of a straw hat. It is often used in informal tea ceremonies.
- Chakin: This is a type of cloth that is used to clean tea bowls between servings. It is typically made of linen or hemp and is folded in a specific way to create a smooth, even surface.
Tea bowl design is a rich and complex field that encompasses a wide range of styles, techniques, and traditions. Whether you prefer the simple elegance of Hagi pottery or the bold patterns of Raku bowls, there is sure to be a tea bowl that speaks to your individual tastes and preferences. The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City and Aichi Prefecture in Japan are just two of the many places where you can see examples of these beautiful and unique works of art.
A chawan is a type of tea bowl used in the Japanese tea ceremony, especially in the wabi style of tea. It is an essential utensil used in the tea ceremony, along with tea caddies, a tea room, and matcha whisks. The Raku chawan, named after the Raku family of Kyoto, is a type of chawan that is highly prized for its unique and irregular shape and texture. The chawan comes in various shapes and sizes and is made from different types of clay, including Mino Ware, Karatsu ware, and Hagi. The chawan can be adorned with specific names or markings such as the hatazori-gata or Gao Tai.
The design and aesthetics of the chawan are highly valued in the tea ceremony, and some famous artists such as Honami Koetsu and Ban Tong Xing have created highly sought-after chawan. Mount Fuji and Zhi Bu are popular motifs found on chawan. The kanji characters for “tea bowl” (茶碗, chawan) are often inscribed on the bottom of the bowl.
In wabi tea ceremony, the chawan is an important element in creating an atmosphere of simplicity and rustic beauty. The tea ceremony involves a mindful preparation and consumption of matcha, and the chawan plays an important role in this meditative experience. The chakin, a small cloth used to wipe the chawan, is also an important part of the tea ceremony.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City has a collection of chawan from different periods and styles, including Hakuji, Senchawan, and Furuta Oribe. The Tianmu Mountain area of China is famous for producing high-quality tea bowls, and the straw hat shape of the chawan is a popular design in this area.
References
Hur, N. L. (2015). Korean tea bowls (Kōrai chawan) and Japanese Wabicha: A story of acculturation in premodern Northeast Asia. Korean Studies, 1-22. jstor.org/stable/44509616
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