Uncovering the Secrets of Valuable Pottery: What to Look For

The value of pottery is based on several factors such as age, rarity, condition, historical & cultural significance, & the reputation of the artist or maker. Marks & signatures can also increase value. To determine the value of pottery, research & appraisals from reputable sources are recommended. A combination of factors must be considered to determine the value of pottery.

Examples of valuable pottery

Discovering the Value of Pottery: Tips for Identifying Worth

Pottery has been used by humans for thousands of years; the earliest documented examples were discovered in ancient Egypt around 10,000 BCE. Pottery was used for a wide range of activities, including food preparation and storage, religious rituals, and funeral customs. Pottery was used for artistic expression in ancient Greece, and different styles and methods emerged over time.

Tea ceremonies and other traditional rituals in Asia were conducted using pottery. New methods and resources were created during the Industrial Revolution, and pottery production increased. Pottery is still a very popular art form today, and it is used for everything from ornamental items to practical dishware.

What Are The Different Types Of Pottery?

Throughout history, different cultures have created pottery, which is a versatile art form. Pottery made of clay, stoneware, porcelain, and terracotta are some of the most popular varieties. Earthenware is made of clay that is fired at a moderate temperature, and it is frequently used to make decorative or practical items like vases and dishes. Stoneware is more durable and ideal for use in cooking and food storage because it is fired at a higher temperature than earthenware.

Porcelain is a type of pottery that is made from a specific type of clay that is fired at very high temperatures, resulting in a translucent and delicate appearance. Terracotta is a form of pottery made of clay and fired at low temperatures. It is frequently used for exterior decorative items like planters and statues.

Other types of pottery include majolica, faience, and raku, each with its unique characteristics and uses. Pottery has been used for decoration for thousands of years. Vases, plates, bowls, figures, and sculptures are a few instances of decorative pottery. Intricate designs, patterns, and hues are frequently used to decorate decorative pottery. They can be produced using a range of materials, such as terracotta, stoneware, porcelain, and earthenware.

Chinese porcelain, Greek black-figure pottery, and Native American pottery are a few examples of well-liked decorative pottery designs. The value of decorative pottery can vary from a few dollars to millions of dollars for rare or historically important pieces and can be found in museums, art galleries, and private collections.

What Are The Different Methods That Are Used To Determine The Value Of Pottery?

Glazed earthenware vase, Rookwood Pottery, ca. 1900

There are several techniques for estimating the value of pottery. Expert appraisals that assess a piece’s age, rarity, condition, and historical importance are one popular technique. By comparing the costs of comparable goods, online auctions and marketplaces like eBay and Etsy can also give an idea of a pottery’s worth. The worth of pottery can also be influenced by the maker or artist, the level of craftsmanship, and the widespread acceptance of a particular design or style. Additionally, a pottery piece’s provenance, or its documented past, can have a big impact on its worth, especially if it was once owned by a well-known collector or was shown in a notable exhibition.

One of my favorite books on the topic is “Collector’s Encyclopedia of American Pottery and Porcelain“. What I love about about the book is it covers a wide range of American pottery, from early American redware to Art Deco ceramics. It includes detailed descriptions of over 1,000 different pieces, as well as information on marks, makers, and values.

Expert Appraisals

For determining the worth of a piece of pottery, professional appraisals can be a useful resource. These professionals have received training to assess a variety of aspects, including an item’s age, rarity, condition, and historical importance, in order to determine its value. They may employ a variety of techniques, including looking for any signatures or identifying marks on the object, comparing it to objects similar to it in their knowledge base or database, and taking into account the present demand for objects of a similar nature.

It’s important to keep in mind that appraisals can differ based on the appraiser, their degree of experience, and the state of the market. Additionally, the value of a pottery piece may change over time, so it’s crucial to periodically reassess the worth of any priceless items in your collection.

Comparing Costs

It can be helpful to estimate the value of pottery by comparing the prices of similar goods. This entails investigating the selling values of comparable items in the past, accounting for elements like age, rarity, and condition. By displaying the prices that other buyers are prepared to pay for comparable items, online auctions and marketplaces like eBay and Etsy can also give a general indication of a pottery’s worth.

However, it’s crucial to remember that a piece’s quality and condition can have a big impact on how much it’s worth, and that online prices can change based on a lot of variables like demand and availability. When determining the worth of a piece of pottery, it is always advised to consult a professional appraiser.

Influenced By The Artist

Pottery can be greatly affected by the maker or artist, with some pieces being more prized and expensive than others. Items with exceptional skill and attention to detail are worth more than those with less refined craftsmanship, which is another consideration.

A piece of pottery’s value can also be significantly impacted by the widespread acceptance of a specific design or style. For instance, a certain design or motif might become famous or fashionable, which would increase the demand for objects that feature that design. Similar to this, a well-known designer or artist might only create a small number of items, which would lead to high demand and increased worth.

Importance of the Maker’s Mark

Details: The maker’s mark is often a signature or symbol that identifies the artist or manufacturer. It can provide crucial information about the origin of the piece, which can significantly impact its value.

Did you know according to Erica Gibson, there are nearly 350 marks from 112 different manufacturers from the mid-19th through early 20th century¹.

Actionable Tips:

1. Research the Mark: Use online databases or specialized books to identify and learn more about the maker’s mark on your pottery piece.
2. Consult Experts: If you’re unable to identify the mark yourself, consult experts or appraisers who can provide insights.
3. Verify Authenticity: Be cautious of forgeries and ensure that the mark aligns with other characteristics of the piece like age and style.

Age of the Pottery

Details: Older pottery pieces, especially those that have been well-preserved, are often more valuable than newer pieces. The age can indicate rarity, historical significance, and craftsmanship.

Actionable Tips:

1. Check for Dating Clues: Look for any marks, inscriptions, or features that could help date the piece.
2. Use Carbon Dating: For ancient pottery, carbon dating can provide an accurate age.
3. Compare with Similar Pieces: Use auction results or appraisals of similar pieces to gauge how age affects value.

Condition of the Pottery

Details: The condition of a pottery piece can greatly affect its value. Factors like cracks, chips, and restoration can depreciate the value.

Actionable Tips:

1. Thorough Inspection: Examine the piece carefully for any damages or signs of restoration.
2. Seek Professional Restoration: If the piece is damaged but valuable, consider professional restoration. However, note that restoration can sometimes reduce value.
3. Preservation: Store your pottery in a controlled environment to maintain its condition.

What Are Tips For Identifying Valuable Pottery?

Vase with raised decoration, Rookwood Pottery, 1885.

1. Check for wear and tear: Antique pottery will frequently exhibit evidence of wear and tear, such as chips, cracks, or discoloration, which can serve as a telltale indicator of its age.
2. Look at the hue and pattern of the pottery. It’s essential to conduct some research and look for particular styles or patterns because some colors and designs may be more valuable than others.
3. Verify the maker’s insignia. Many antique and collectible pottery pieces will have a maker’s mark or signature, which can help recognize the maker or artist and determine their worth.
4. Investigate the piece’s past. The piece’s history, including where and when it was created, can also be used to estimate its worth.
5. Think about how uncommon the item is. Often more precious than mass-produced pottery are rare or unique pieces.
6. Consult a specialist. It is always best to seek the advice of a professional appraiser or dealer who can assess the piece’s worth based on its age, rarity, condition, and historical significance.

Porcelain marks are impressions, symbols, or inscriptions stamped, etched, or painted on the surface of porcelain objects, usually on the bottom. These marks can reveal important details about the piece’s provenance, age, and maker. While some porcelain marks are very recognizable and make it simple to determine the manufacturer, others are more cryptic².

Porcelain marks can be used by collectors and appraisers to determine a piece’s value because they can indicate rarity and historical importance. Meissen, Sevres, and Wedgwood, among other porcelain brands, are some of the most sought-after. Other factors like age, condition, and provenance should also be taken into account when determining the value of a piece. It’s essential to keep in mind that not all porcelain items have marks, and some marks may be fake.

Grueby Pottery

Glazed earthenware vase modeled by Annie V. Lingley, Grueby Faience Company, ca. 1901.

Founded in 1894, Grueby Pottery is a storied American art pottery business that created a range of clay products, such as vases, tiles, and lamps. The business is renowned for its distinctive matte green glazes and naturalistic designs, which were inspired by the Arts and Crafts movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Items made of Grueby Pottery are highly prized by collectors and can be quite expensive, with some items selling for tens of thousands of dollars. Age, condition, rarity, and the caliber of the glaze and design all have an impact on the worth of Grueby Pottery items³.

Additionally, items with provenance, such as being from a particular collection or show, or that are signed by well-known artists may be more expensive. It is significant to note that authenticating Grueby Pottery can be challenging because the business did not consistently designate its pieces with a signature or logo. To correctly recognize and assess Grueby Pottery items, it is advised to speak with a specialist or appraiser.

Arequipa Pottery

The Arequipa Sanatorium in California, United States, created art pottery known as Arequipa Pottery in the early 20th century. Patients created the pottery as a part of a therapy program, and it is renowned for its delicate pastel hues and simple yet elegant designs. Depending on the piece’s rarity and condition, Arequipa pottery can be quite expensive today. Vases, bowls, and plates with distinctive shapes and elaborate patterns are some of the most sought-after items. The authenticity and worth of Arequipa pottery can be determined with the aid of identifying marks and signatures, just like with other kinds of art pottery⁴.

Hill Pottery

Lester A. Hill established Hill Pottery in Norton, Massachusetts, in the early 1900s. Vases, bowls, and candlesticks with a variety of glaze colors and designs were among the high-quality art pottery made by the pottery. Due to its distinctive shapes and glazes, Hill Pottery is highly sought-after by aficionados.

The pottery is renowned for its exceptional quality, which can be seen in the flawless glazes and intricate patterns. Collectors of American art pottery value Hill Pottery, which can fetch high values at auctions and sales. Hill Pottery, like all antique pottery, is greatly influenced by variables like rarity, condition, and provenance.

Roseville Pottery

Pinecone bowl with raised decoration, Roseville Pottery, n.d.

From 1890 to 1954, Roseville Pottery was an American pottery business. Their pottery, which included vases, bowls, and figures in the Arts and Crafts and Art Nouveau styles, is well known. Some items of Roseville Pottery can fetch thousands of dollars at auction.

According to Sharon Huxford, Bob Huxford, and Mike Nickel, some highly desirable pieces are such as: jardinieres, pedestals, and umbrella stands⁵.

The rarity of the piece, its state, the caliber of the glaze, and the design all play a role in determining the worth of Roseville Pottery. The Roseville Sunflower, Roseville Futura, and Roseville Pinecone are a few of the most popular Roseville Pottery patterns.

Newcomb College Pottery

Glazed earthenware vase, Newcomb Pottery, decorated by Sadie Irvine, ca. 1910.

As a division of Newcomb Institution, the women’s college of Tulane University in New Orleans, Newcomb College Pottery was established in 1895. In order to teach students a useful skill and a source of revenue, the pottery studio was founded. Because it was produced at a period when women’s artistic expression was constrained, Newcomb pottery is highly prized by collectors for its artistic merit and historical significance.

According to Jessie J. Poesch, Sally Main, and Walter Bob, “the Newcomb College art program of the early 20th century continues and grows. Previously unknown examples of their pottery and crafts still surface and values on these beautiful pieces are soaring.”⁶

The value of Newcomb pottery is based on a number of factors, including the artist who created it, the piece’s rarity, its state, and the market’s demand for Newcomb pottery at the time of sale. The most expensive items are those with highly coveted patterns or those signed by well-known artists.

Collectors should search for the Newcomb College pottery mark, which is a stamped or impressed logo with the Newcomb College name, a fleur-de-lis symbol, and the pottery artist’s initials, to determine the value of Newcomb pottery. A more precise estimate of the worth of a collector’s Newcomb pottery pieces can also be obtained by consulting appraisers or reference materials.

Paul Revere Pottery

Pitcher with incised decoration, Paul Revere Pottery, 1914.

From 1908 to 1942, the Boston ceramics studio Paul Revere Pottery made high-quality fine art pottery in the Arts and Crafts design. A group of female potters and artists connected to the Saturday Evening Girls Club established the studio. The pottery was renowned for its avant-garde designs, which featured matte glazes, carved and painted embellishments, and unusual forms.

Paul Revere Pottery items are highly prized by aficionados today and can be quite expensive. These items’ worth varies depending on a number of elements, such as their rarity, state, and level of decoration. Paul Revere Pottery examples can be found in public and private collections all over the globe.

Watt Pottery

From 1922 to 1965, Crooksville, Ohio, was the home of Watt Pottery, a well-known American pottery business. Kitchenware, mixing bowls, and jugs are just a few of the pottery products the business made, all of which are now highly collectible. Pieces from Watt Pottery are renowned for their vibrant glazes and distinctive patterns, like the Starflower and Apple motif. Items made by Watt Pottery can be worth hundreds or even thousands of dollars at sale, depending on their rarity, condition, and demand.

Selling Pottery in Auctions

Details: Auctions, both traditional and online platforms like eBay, offer a dynamic marketplace for pottery pieces. According to Dennis L. Prince, and Lynn Dralle, there are huge benefits of selling antiques and collectibles on eBay⁷. They can be an effective way to gauge the real-time market value of a piece based on what buyers are willing to pay for it. Auctions can also expose your pottery to a wider audience, including collectors and enthusiasts who are willing to pay a premium for valuable items.

Actionable Tips:

1. Research Similar Items: Before listing your pottery in an auction, research similar items that have been sold or are currently listed. This will give you an idea of how to price your piece and what to expect in terms of bids.
2. Choose the Right Platform: Different auction platforms attract different kinds of buyers. Platforms like eBay are more accessible but may attract a broader range of buyers, including those who are not necessarily collectors. Specialized auction houses may attract more serious collectors but could have higher fees.
3. Set a Reserve Price: If you have a minimum price you’re willing to accept, set a reserve price to ensure that the pottery doesn’t sell for less than its worth.
4. High-Quality Photos and Description: Make sure to include high-quality photos from multiple angles and a detailed description when listing your item. Mention any maker’s marks, the age of the piece, and its condition.
5. Timing: Consider the timing of your auction. Weekends or evenings may attract more bidders. Also, check if there are any similar auctions happening simultaneously that could divert potential buyers.
6. Payment and Shipping: Clearly outline your payment and shipping policies to avoid any misunderstandings with the buyer. This includes return policies, shipping fees, and any other potential costs.
7. Post-Auction Evaluation: After the auction, evaluate the results. Did the piece sell for a price you’re happy with? Were there many bidders? This information can be valuable for future auctions.

What is the Most Important Factor You Consider When Determining the Value of a Pottery Piece?

Advice On How To Care For Pottery

Glazed earthenware vase, Weller Pottery, ca. 1905.

Take a few precautions to guard against harm and deterioration when caring for pottery. Here are some pointers:

1. To avoid fading, cracking, or warping, keep pottery in a cool, dry location away from direct sunshine.
2. Avoid stacking pottery on top of one another as this can result in chips and scratches.
3. Protect pottery from shock and vibration by using padded or lined storing receptacles, like a cabinet or shelf with a soft liner.
4. Avoid dropping or striking pottery against hard surfaces by handling it cautiously.
5. Use a soft brush or cloth and warm water to carefully clean pottery. Avoid using abrasive or harsh cleansers because they can ruin the pottery’s glaze or surface.
6. If the pottery has been broken or fixed, it may contain dangerous chemicals or lead, so avoid using it for food or drink.

What Is The Antique Pottery Marks Identification Guide And How Can It Help Me Determine If Pottery Is Valuable?

The Antique Pottery Marks Identification Guide is a reference book or online tool that offers details on the distinctive marks, symbols, and signatures used by various pottery makers over time. The maker, country of origin, and rough age of a piece of pottery can all be determined by comparing these signs to the guide. This information can be used to determine a pottery piece’s potential worth. The value of pottery is, however, affected by a number of variables, including condition, rarity, market demand, and distinguishing marks, in addition to identifying marks.

How Has American Art Pottery Evolved Since Its Earliest Days And What Makes It Valuable Now?

Since its beginnings in the late 19th century, American art pottery has considerably changed. Potters at the time were greatly inspired by European art movements like Art Nouveau and the Arts and Crafts Movement, which placed an emphasis on handcrafted, decorative objects. Intricate patterns and glazes, frequently with nature-inspired motifs like flowers and leaves, were characteristics of American art pottery.

American art pottery has developed over time to incorporate a variety of styles and methods, such as the use of sculptural shapes and novel glazes. Roseville, Rookwood, and Weller are a few renowned American art pottery producers.

Particularly items from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when the movement was at its height, American art pottery can be quite expensive today. The value of a piece can be influenced by its rarity, the caliber of its craftsmanship and glaze, and its historical importance. To ascertain a piece’s worth, as with any collectible, you should do your homework and seek the advice of reputable appraisers and dealers.

What Criteria Do Appraisers Use To Evaluate Pottery, According To The International Society Of Appraisers?

The International Society of Appraisers (ISA) offers guidelines for appraisers to rate pottery using the criteria listed below:

1. The appraiser must correctly name the pottery’s type, maker, style, and time era.
2. State. The condition of the pottery is taken into account, including any damage or repairs.
3. Rarity. Limited editions or rare items are frequently regarded higher than more common items.
4. Provenance. The ownership history and any supporting paperwork or authentication can raise a piece’s worth.
5. Aesthetics. The pottery’s aesthetics include its beauty, form, and craftsmanship.
6. Market demand. The value of a specific type of pottery can be affected by the present level of market demand.

According to Patricia C. Soucy, and Janella N. Smyth, the appraiser should use all information possible to determine value including looking at general shape and or size⁸.

How Does Van Briggle Pottery Differ From Other Antique Items And Why Is It Considered So Desirable?

Vase decorated with iris, made by Artus Van Briggle for Van Briggle Pottery, ca. 1903.

American art pottery known as Van Briggle was developed in Colorado Springs, Colorado in the late 19th century. It is renowned for its distinctive style, which combines Native American motifs with Art Nouveau and Arts and Crafts influences.

The distinctive and superior glazes used on Van Briggle pottery, which frequently have rich, vibrant hues and intricate patterns, are one reason why it is so sought-after. Additionally, the pottery is prized for its cutting-edge designs and exquisite craftsmanship, which are regarded as some of the best instances of American art pottery from the early 20th century.

Because the company only made a limited number of each design, Van Briggle pottery is also quite rare and challenging to locate. Van Briggle pottery items’ worth may increase due to their scarcity and rarity.

Appraisers may take into account elements like the piece’s state, the quality of the glaze, and the rarity of the design when evaluating Van Briggle pottery. To help determine the piece’s worth, they might also consider previous sales information and market trends for art pottery.

What Characteristics Make McCoy Pottery Unique And Collectible?

McCoy pottery is renowned for its unique appearance, which features traditional shapes, earthy hues, and the “McCoy” stamp on the bottom. Early 1900s saw the introduction of McCoy pottery, which was still being made today. The heritage and superior craftsmanship of McCoy pottery are valued by many collectors. Hand-painting, glazing, and molding were some of the methods used to create the pottery.

McCoy pottery, which includes things like vases, bowls, cookie jars, and planters, is frequently collected for its artistic worth as well as its practical use⁹. Collectors prize McCoy items made in the 1930s and 1940s because they are among the most expensive.

Are There Any Telltale Signs That An Item May Be A Valuable Antique Piece Of Pottery?

Here are a few:

1. Generally speaking, an item’s value increases with age. Particularly in demand are pottery items from the 19th or previous centuries.
2. Items that were produced in small amounts or by an especially talented artist may be more expensive than products that were mass-produced.
3. A piece’s condition is crucial. Damaged parts are less desirable than those without chips, cracks, or repairs.
4. Pottery produced by well-known and reputable makers or artisans can fetch a higher price than items from unrecognized manufacturers.
5. A piece’s aesthetic appeal can affect its worth. Collectors might be more interested in items with complex patterns or unusual forms.

What Makes Matte Green Glaze So Prized Amongst Art Potters And Collectors?

Because it is challenging to create and can produce a variety of distinctive and lovely effects, matte green glaze is highly valued by art potters and collectors. To produce a distinctive green color that can change based on the firing temperature and atmosphere, this type of glaze is frequently made by combining copper oxide and zinc oxide with other minerals. Matte green glazes can create a variety of patterns, from a textured, mottled surface to a smooth, satin-like finish. Additionally, due to the difficulty in achieving this type of glaze, pottery items with matte green glaze are frequently uncommon and highly prized by collectors, making them valuable antiques.

Is There A Way To Accurately Date Pieces Using Original Paper Stamp Or Markings On Them?

Pottery markings or original paper stamps can be used to identify items precisely. The year of production or the time era during which the piece was produced were frequently indicated by marks or stamps used by pottery manufacturers. To pinpoint the precise age of the object, these marks can be investigated and cross-referenced with catalogs and reference materials. A piece can also be dated by variations in a pottery company’s mark or logo over time. When determining the age and authenticity of a piece, it is crucial to remember that some marks or stamps may have been copied or faked, so you should depend on the knowledge of a reputable appraiser or dealer.

Does The Color Of Clay Used Affect The Value Of Antiques Pieces When Determining Worth?

Antique pottery pieces’ worth may be impacted by the type of clay used. The sort of clay used can affect how the piece looks overall, and some clays are more valuable than others because they are rare or have desirable qualities like translucency or purity. Additionally, the color of the clay itself has an impact on price because some hues, like a deep black or a rich crimson, are highly prized by collectors. For collectors interested in regional pottery styles, the color of the clay can also reveal the location where the pottery was produced, which can increase its value.

How Important Are Artist Signatures In Identifying Potentially Valuable Pieces Of Art Pottery?

When recognizing possibly valuable pieces of art pottery, the artist’s signature can be crucial. The worth of a piece may change if the maker is identified by a signature. The lack of a signature does not, however, imply that the piece is not important because not all pottery is signed.

Before determining a piece’s worth, it is crucial to confirm the authenticity of the signature and the piece as a whole because some signatures can be faked. Other elements that can influence a piece’s value include its quality, rarity, and historical importance.

Personal Experience Case Study: “Red Berries Wall Decor”

Introduction

As Ed Shears, a professional modern ceramic artist and the creative force behind Artabys.com, I have a robust foundation in traditional pottery techniques. My real passion emerges in the realm of modern ceramic wall art. One of my distinguished pieces is the “Red Berries Wall Decor,” which serves as a testament to craft and creativity. Feel free to check out my other works of art at Shop Artabys.

Creation Process

The creation of “Red Berries Wall Decor” diverged from the well-trodden path of wheel-thrown pottery. I hand-built this piece with meticulous attention to detail, ensuring that it embodies originality and exudes the painstaking craftsmanship inherent in handmade art.

Materials Used

For this particular piece, I used a blend of Stoneware and Porcelain, chosen for their durability and aesthetic appeal. The red berries were accentuated using a specialized underglaze, while the background was treated with a custom-formulated glaze to achieve a unique texture and depth.

Why It’s Considered Valuable

1. Unique Design: The design breaks away from traditional pottery, offering a modern twist that appeals to a broad audience.
2. Handcrafted: In a world saturated with mass-produced replicas, the unparalleled beauty of this handcrafted original artwork adds a unique touch to living spaces.
3. Material Quality: The use of high-quality materials ensures that the piece is not only beautiful but also durable.
4. Artistic Philosophy: The piece resonates with my belief in the value of handcrafted art, making it an object of lasting value and desire.

Conclusion

The “Red Berries Wall Decor” is more than just a piece of ceramic art; it’s a story of passion, craftsmanship, and the beauty of handcrafted original artwork. It serves as a practical example that aligns perfectly with the points discussed in my article on how to determine the value of pottery.

Keep in mind: In the context of pottery or any form of art, the value can indeed be subjective. Different people may place different levels of value on a piece based on their personal preferences, experiences, or expertise. Some may value a pottery piece for its aesthetic appeal, while others may value it for its historical significance, craftsmanship, or the artist behind it.

While there are general guidelines for determining the value of pottery, individual perceptions of value can vary widely.

Stay Updated with the Latest Trends in Pottery

The world of pottery is ever-changing, influenced by market demand, artistic innovation, and even cultural shifts. Staying abreast of these trends is crucial for both collectors and artists alike. Whether you’re looking to create, buy, sell, or simply appreciate pottery, understanding the current landscape can offer invaluable insights.

For the latest trends in pottery, be sure to check out our up-to-date guide.

References

The Collector’s Encyclopedia of McCoy Pottery

Antique Trader Pottery and Porcelain Ceramics Price Guide

American Art Pottery: Identification & Values

Warman’s Fiesta: Identification and Price Guide

Footnotes

1. Gibson, Erica. Ceramic Makers’ Marks. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, 2016. ↩︎
2. Dollen, B. L.. Red Wing Art Pottery: Identification & Value Guide. United States: Collector Books, 1997. ↩︎
3. Montgomery, Susan J.. The Ceramics of William H. Grueby: The Spirit of the New Idea in Artistic Handicraft. United States: Arts & Crafts Quarterly Press, 1993. ↩︎
4. Baizerman, Suzanne., Downey, Lynn., Toki, John. Fired by ideals: Arequipa pottery and the arts and crafts movement. San Francisco: Pomergranate, 2000. ↩︎
5. Huxford, Sharon., Huxford, Bob., Nickel, Mike. Collector’s Encyclopedia of Roseville Pottery. United States: Collector Books, 2001. ↩︎
6. Poesch, Jessie J.., Main, Sally., Bob, Walter. Newcomb Pottery & Crafts: An Educational Enterprise for Women, 1895-1940. United States: Schiffer Pub., 2003. ↩︎
7. Prince, Dennis L.., Dralle, Lynn. How to Sell Antiques and Collectibles on EBay… And Make a Fortune!. United States: McGraw Hill LLC, 2004. ↩︎
8. Soucy, Patricia C.., Smyth, Janella N.. The Appraisal of Personal Property: Principles, Theories, and Practice Methods for the Professional Appraiser. United States: American Society of Appraisers, 1994. ↩︎
9. Snyder, Jeffrey B.. McCoy Pottery: A Field Guide. United States: Schiffer Publishing, Limited, 2002. ↩︎